Q1. Consider a population of bacteria exposed to an antibiotic. Only a small fraction of the bacteria survive and multiply, leading to a resistant population. Which concept of heredity is best illustrated by this scenario?A Law of segregation. B Inheritance of acquired traits. C Blending inheritance. D Genetic variation and natural selection. View full solution →
Q2. In Mendel's experiments, what did he call the first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two true-breeding parents, and what did he call the generation resulting from self-pollinating these offspring?A F1 and F2 B F0 and F1 C F1 and F3 D P and F1 View full solution →
Q3. A pea plant has the genotype RrYy, where R is round, r is wrinkled, Y is yellow, and y is green. What is its phenotype?A Wrinkled, green B Round, yellow C Wrinkled, yellow D Round, green View full solution →
Q4. A geneticist crossed purebred red-flowered snapdragons with purebred white-flowered snapdragons. The F1 generation had pink flowers. If the F1 plants are self-pollinated, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?A 1:1 (Pink:Red or Pink:White) B 3:1 (Red:White) C 1:2:1 (Red:Pink:White) D 9:3:3:1 (Red:Pink:White:Other) View full solution →
Q5. In a large, randomly mating population, if the allele frequencies for a particular gene remain constant from one generation to the next, what does this suggest about the evolutionary forces acting on that gene?A Strong natural selection is favoring one allele. B The population is likely in genetic equilibrium (no significant evolutionary forces). C Genetic drift is causing allele frequencies to fluctuate. D Mutations are frequently introducing new alleles. View full solution →
Q6. A genetic disorder is observed in a family. Both parents are unaffected, but their son has the disorder. Their daughter is unaffected. This pattern suggests which type of inheritance?A Autosomal dominant B X-linked recessive C X-linked dominant D Autosomal recessive View full solution →
Q7. If a genetic disorder affects males and females equally, and an affected child can have unaffected parents, which of the following is the most probable mode of inheritance?A Autosomal recessive B X-linked dominant C X-linked recessive D Autosomal dominant View full solution →
Q8. If a recessive allele is expressed only when present in two copies, what would be the phenotypic outcome in a heterozygous individual carrying one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait?A A new, blended trait will be expressed. B The recessive trait will be expressed. C The dominant trait will be expressed. D Both traits will be partially expressed. View full solution →
Q9. Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:A Traits are inherited together in a linked fashion. B Alleles for different traits assort independently. C One allele completely masks the expression of the other. D Each gamete receives only one allele from the pair during gamete formation. View full solution →
Q10. In a family pedigree, a trait appears in every generation, and affected individuals always have at least one affected parent. It also affects males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?A X-linked dominant B Autosomal dominant C X-linked recessive D Autosomal recessive View full solution →
Q11. If genes for two different traits are located very close together on the same chromosome, what can be inferred about their inheritance pattern compared to genes on different chromosomes?A They will show blending inheritance, producing intermediate phenotypes. B They are likely to be inherited together as a "linked" unit. C They will always assort independently, just like genes on different chromosomes. D One gene will completely mask the expression of the other. View full solution →
Q12. In a cross between two pea plants heterozygous for two traits: tall (T) dominant over dwarf (t) and purple flowers (P) dominant over white (p). What proportion of the offspring are expected to be dwarf with white flowers?A 9/16 B 1/16 C 4/16 D 3/16 View full solution →
Q13. Apart from recombination during sexual reproduction, what is another significant source of new alleles and genetic variation in a population?A Respiration B Photosynthesis C Digestion D Mutation View full solution →
Q14. While humans use the XX/XY system, some animals like birds use a ZW/ZZ system where females are ZW and males are ZZ. If a male bird mates with a female bird, which parent determines the sex of the offspring?A The female bird. B Environmental factors. C The male bird. D Both parents contribute equally. View full solution →
Q15. Arrange the following terms in increasing order of complexity: DNA, gene, chromosome, nucleotide.A Nucleotide, Gene, Chromosome, DNA B Nucleotide, DNA, Gene, Chromosome C Nucleotide, Gene, DNA, Chromosome D Gene, Nucleotide, DNA, Chromosome View full solution →
Q16. If a pure dominant tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a pure dwarf pea plant (tt), and the F1 generation is then backcrossed with the dwarf parent. What will be the genotypic ratio in the progeny of this backcross?A 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt B 3 Tt : 1 tt C 1 Tt : 1 tt D 1 TT : 1 tt View full solution →
Q17. Genes are located on chromosomes at specific positions. What is the term for this specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome?A Locus B Centromere C Chromatid D Telomere View full solution →
Q18. In guinea pigs, black coat (B) is dominant over white coat (b), and short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s). A dihybrid cross is performed between a homozygous black, short-haired guinea pig and a white, long-haired guinea pig. What will be the genotype of the F1 generation?A BBSS B BbSs C bbss D BbSS View full solution →
Q19. What is the primary definition of 'heredity' in biology?A The transmission of traits from parents to offspring. B The process of developing new species. C The study of environmental influences on organisms. D The process of acquiring characteristics during a lifetime. View full solution →
Q20. In humans, what determines the sex of an offspring?A The hormonal balance of the mother. B The temperature during gestation. C The egg cell contributes by the mother. D The sperm cell contributes by the father. View full solution →