NEET UG · Biology

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Practice Questions

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1. The term 'primary growth' in plants refers to: 2. If a ring of bark (including the phloem) is carefully removed from around the trunk of a tree, but the xylem remains intact, the tree is likely to die because: 3. The term 'periderm' refers collectively to: 4. A plant tissue section shows dead, lignified cells forming a continuous layer just beneath the epidermis, providing significant mechanical strength. Intercellular spaces are absent. This tissue is most likely: 5. Which of the following is considered a simple permanent tissue? 6. Which anatomical feature is definitively unique to a dicot stem when compared to a monocot stem? 7. The root cap is a protective layer that covers the root apex. Its cells are continuously sloughed off and replaced. What is their primary role? 8. A transverse section of a stem shows vascular bundles arranged in a ring, with a clear distinction between cortex and pith. However, the bundles themselves are 'closed', meaning they lack a cambium between the xylem and phloem. Such a stem would belong to a: 9. Why is heartwood generally more durable and resistant to pests than sapwood? 10. Companion cells are functionally associated with: 11. Which of the following combinations correctly describes the vascular bundles of a monocot stem and a dicot stem, respectively? 12. The tissue system that includes epidermis, stomata, trichomes, and root hairs is the: 13. A tree develops a large cavity in its trunk due to fungal decay, but continues to thrive for several years. Which part of the trunk was most likely affected by the decay, allowing the tree to survive? 14. Bulliform cells are characteristic features found in the epidermis of: 15. In a dicot stem, the interfascicular cambium originates from: 16. Which of the following is an example of a simple permanent tissue specialized for mechanical support in young, growing stems? 17. The Casparian strip is made of which substance and functions by: 18. Increase in the length of a plant organ is primarily due to the activity of: 19. A transverse section of a stem reveals the vascular bundles are scattered and each is surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath. There is no distinct demarcation between cortex and pith, but a prominent sclerenchymatous hypodermis is present. This anatomical organization is indicative of a plant adapted to: 20. The primary role of the ground tissue system in plants includes all of the following EXCEPT: 21. Starting from the innermost layer, arrange the following tissues in a mature dicot stem that has undergone significant secondary growth: 1. Secondary phloem 2. Pith 3. Vascular cambium 4. Secondary xylem 5. Phellem 6. Primary xylem 22. Which of the following cell types is NOT typically found in the phloem of angiosperms? 23. A botanist examines a cross-section of a plant organ and observes the following: single-layered epidermis, parenchymatous cortex, endodermis with Casparian strips, a pericycle, radially arranged vascular bundles with exarch xylem, and a small or absent pith. This organ is definitely a: 24. Which of the following is NOT a component of a complex tissue? 25. Which of the following features is common to both dicot stem and dicot root? 26. The pericycle of a dicot root is responsible for: 27. The annual rings visible in a temperate region tree trunk are formed due to: 28. Phellogen is also known as: 29. If the vascular cambium in a dicot stem becomes abnormally active on the outer side, what would be the most immediate and observable consequence? 30. A notable difference between the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf and an isobilateral leaf is: 31. The presence of a well-developed Casparian strip in the endodermis of roots is crucial for: 32. Which of the following simple permanent tissues is characterized by cells with uniformly thickened, often lignified cell walls and a narrow lumen, providing mechanical support to mature parts of the plant? 33. A cross-section of a plant organ shows conjoint, collateral, open vascular bundles arranged in a ring. The ground tissue is differentiated into cortex and pith. This anatomy is characteristic of: 34. A bundle sheath is typically found surrounding the vascular bundles in: 35. What is the correct sequence of tissue layers from the periphery to the center in a several-year-old dicot stem that has undergone significant secondary growth? 36. The primary function of lenticels is: 37. A botanist is examining a plant known to thrive in dry, arid environments. Which of the following anatomical features would be LEAST likely to be observed in its leaf? 38. Which type of cells are thin-walled, isodiametric, and primarily involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion? 39. Which of the following statements comparing dicot root and monocot root anatomy is INCORRECT? 40. Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma in several aspects. Which of the following is a key distinguishing feature? 41. A botanist discovers a new plant species with a stem anatomy showing a scattered arrangement of vascular bundles, a prominent sclerenchymatous hypodermis, and the absence of a distinct pith. This plant is most likely a: 42. The vascular bundles in monocot stems are characterized by being: 43. During secondary growth in a dicot stem, the activity of the vascular cambium is generally greater on the inner side than on the outer side. This differential activity leads to: 44. Which of the following structures is absent in the epidermis of a typical dicot root? 45. A plant exhibits symptoms of wilting even when adequately watered. Microscopic examination of its stem reveals a significant reduction in the lumen size of older xylem vessels and increased deposition of tyloses. This condition is most likely linked to a defect in: 46. A student observes a plant root cross-section under a microscope. Key features noted are: a large, distinct pith; radial arrangement of xylem and phloem bundles; and a polyarch xylem condition (more than six xylem bundles). This description most accurately fits: 47. In a plant with well-developed secondary growth, a section reveals that the inner layers of wood are dark-colored, hard, and resistant to pest attacks, while the outer layers are lighter and conduct water. This observation best supports which of the following statements? 48. The efficient long-distance transport of water through xylem vessels, despite their dead nature, is primarily attributed to which structural adaptation? 49. A plant tissue sample, viewed in cross-section, shows elongated, compactly arranged cells with a high density of chloroplasts, forming a distinct layer beneath the upper epidermis. This tissue is characteristic of: 50. A young dicot stem exhibits rapid increase in girth. Which meristematic activity is primarily responsible for this phenomenon?