Probability in Mathematics

Probability is the measure of how likely an event is to happen. It tells us the chance of a particular outcome when something is done, like tossing a coin or rolling a die.

The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1:

1. A probability of 0 means the event is impossible.
2. A probability of 1 means the event is certain to happen.

Formula:
Probability of an event = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes

Examples:

1. Tossing a coin:

• Outcomes: Head or Tail (2 outcomes)
• Probability of getting a Head = 1/2

2. Rolling a die:

• Outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (6 outcomes)
• Probability of getting a 3 = 1/6

Important Terms:

• Experiment: An action whose result is not certain (e.g., tossing a coin).
• Outcome: The result of an experiment (e.g., getting a Head).
• Event: A group of outcomes (e.g., getting an even number).
• Favorable outcome: The outcome we are interested in (e.g., getting a 6).

Conclusion:
Probability helps us understand and predict the chances of different events happening in everyday life. It is used in games, weather forecasting, insurance, and more.